Philip Roth «There’s More to Life Than Writing»

Philip Roth, the world-famous fiction writer, remains true to his decision to leave literature. He finished his last book in 2009, and since that time, according to him, he hasn’t written a word.  «I have no desire to write fiction » insists Roth in his last interview. It is hard to believe, that a writer, whose talent helped him win the Man Booker International prize and who contended for the Nobel for ages, could quit writing so simply. But the author claims that his writing period of life has reached its end for good. Why Would He Retire? One of the primary reasons of Roth’s retirement is his intention to live for himself. He believes that his great work at fiction writing has come to an end, so now he can enjoy such pleasant activities as swimming, watching baseball, listening to music, meeting friends and relaxing. Also he is keen on studying American 19th century history, which is tightly bound with the past of his own family: that helps him stay focused and avoid depressive thoughts on writing, aging and death. 80-year-old Roth is completely satisfied with his new lifestyle – his only regret is that only now he discovered how different life can be. American English Writer Roth is often labeled as a Jewish American author, but the writer himself disagrees. He considers that its the language you choose for your works, which defines you as a writer. His writing language is American English, that is why he thinks of himself as of American English writer. Roth says, that even if he wrote his books in Yiddish, he would rather consider himself Yiddish writer than Jewish. By the way, the Jewish community does not quite appreciate his views on himself as of American English writer. Neither is it appealing to the Jews how he showed their national whims and flaws in some of his works. Some reviewers even suggested that he is a self-hating Jew. Nevertheless, Roth could not care less. Say â€Å"No† to Book Clubs What is interesting, Roth has told his interviewer, Stanford scholar Cynthia Haven, that he knows nothing about book clubs and that he doesn’t have any intention to visit book club meetings. He explained this prepossession with belief, based on his teaching experience, that it takes a lot of effort to read thoughtfully, and that book clubs are unlikely to offer effective manner to do it. The books, which visitors read in such literary â€Å"communities†, are hardly ever analyzed and interpreted in a proper manner. It is quite clear, that Philip Roth feels well about dropping out of the writers community. And though it is good for the author himself, it is also sad: some people struggle to write something spectacular to the end of their lives and never succeed, and those, who are creative and skilled enough to write true masterpieces, just bury their talent.

Assessment And Recommendations For U.s. Banking System And...

BA526 Assessment and Recommendations for the U.S. Banking System and Global Economy 7/18/2015 ASSESSMENT OF THE U.S. BANKING SYSTEM AND GLOBAL ECONOMY 2 Table of Contents Part 1: Assessment of Current State of U.S. Banking System and Global Economy ................. 3 Functions and Roles of U.S. Financial Institutions .......................................................................... 3 Impact of Monetary Tools Used by the Federal Reserve ............................................................... 6 How the Banking System Impacts Supply and Demand within Business .................................... 9 Role of Money Markets, Stock Markets, and Over-the-Counter Markets ................................... 11 Part 2: Recommendations for How U.S. Can Improve Banking Regulations ............................ 14 Current Banking Regulations and the History of How They Came to Be ................................... 14 Improving Regulatory Practices ....................................................................................................... 18 The Future of Domestic and International Central Banking ......................................................... 21 References .......................................................................................................................................... 23 ASSESSMENT OF THE U.S. BANKING SYSTEM AND GLOBAL ECONOMY 3 Part 1: Assessment of Current State of U.S. Banking System and Global Economy Functions and RolesShow MoreRelatedBussiness in Pakistan1686 Words   |  7 Pages The Country Risk Tier (CRT) reflects A.M. 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Macro Environment Free Essays

â€Å"Outline the components of any organization’s macro environment and give an example for each component of a current major operational change or industry trend†. Macro Environment: The factors outside of the industry that influence the survival of the company; these factors are not directly controllable by the organisation. (Elliot, Rundle-Thiele, Walker, p. We will write a custom essay sample on Macro Environment or any similar topic only for you Order Now 48) Components of the Marco Environment: There are six (6) major components of which the macro-environment is made up of; 1. Demographic 2. Economic 3. Natural 4. Technological 5. Political 6. CulturalDemographic Forces: variables of a population which include, age, sex, level of education, employment status, income level, home style status (ownership vs. renting amp; location) also ethnicity. Example: An increase in the number of caravans purchased in western countries will increase due to the trend of an aging population; the caravan/motor homes industry should see growth Economic Forces: refers to forces such as level of employment, demographic changes, rate of inflation, rate of interest which in turn affects the amount both people and organisations are willing to Spend along with how they spend it.Example: Middle East War in 1973 – ‘Oil Crisis’ created economic shock waves right through the western world leading to drastically increased oil prices which lead to increase energy costs along with the cost of oil based raw material. This crisis contributed heavily to a world economic recession Natural Forces: consist of concerns relating to the environment, green house effect, rates of energy/petroleum, lack of natural resources, and resource management. Example: The farming industry has been affected by drought. The consequence of drought is a decline in crop production as a result of nadequate and poorly distributed rainfall. Therefore with the decline of crop production, farmers are faced with harvest that is too small to feed their families and fulfil their commitment. During drought periods there is not only a direct shortfall of food production but also relative price movements of grain versus other commodities which may drastically reduce the purchasing power of groups. Technological Forces: advanced technology and capabilities such as computers, internet, medical advancements, and communication devices such as mobile phones.Example: With the internet at the finger tips of a large majority of people worl dwide, via computers, now on mobile handset devices and mobile telephones newspaper sales are affected. People are using the internet to access the daily newspapers. News Limited is researching ways to levy a subscription fee for access to view the New York Times online. Political Forces: refers to parties, pressure groups, personalities and government agencies which have a large influence on the stability of politics and economics in a country via their actions and pronouncements.Example: The Tobacco industry recently has been targeted by government and public interest groups in reference to the tax increase enforced in late April 2010. The Australian Government states ‘it will encourage about 2 to 3 per cent of smokers, or 87 000 people, to stop’. Due to this tax increase retailers’ margins will be compressed therefore the profit in turn will be less. Cultural Forces: relates to commonly held standards; what is acceptable or unacceptable, right or wrong, ethical or unethical -based upon various groups in society. Example Starbucks in Macau noticed that Macau people do not consume as much coffee as western people. Therefore Starbucks needed to focus on Macau taste preferences and incorporate tea based and juice based beverages rather than coffee. Also Starbucks has large outdoor seating arrangements; however Macau people rather sit indoors, in order to accommodate for Macau people standards Starbucks needed to decrease the size of the outdoor seating and focus on creating an indoor seating environment in order to meet the expected standard of its customers in Macau.References Spark, M. , 2008, Marketing Concepts – LBM100 lecture MAR110 (SPI, 2008) notes Elliott, G. , Rundle-Thiele, S. , Waller, D. , 2010, Marketing, John Wiley, Milton. http://www. consumerpsychologist. com/marketing_introduction. html http://www. news. com. au/technology/rupert-murdoch-says-news-corp-will-charge-for-online-news/story-e6frfro0-1225758661415 How to cite Macro Environment, Papers

Consider the thematic and/ or symbolic significance of time in Pearce, P., Toms Midnight Garden Essay Example For Students

Consider the thematic and/ or symbolic significance of time in Pearce, P., Toms Midnight Garden Essay Both texts further contain elements of time slip fantasy. In order to make time slip fantasies believable, both authors begin their novels by placing their protagonists in the present. Usually, the characters are contemporary boys or girls, with whom the reader can identify with and the beginning of the novel is spent in drawing the reader into the characters worlds and problems. Once the authenticity of this final world as been established, the protagonist experiences a time shift into either the past or the future. Egoff, states that It is the time in the real world that stands still; the presence of the time traveller must be accounted for in the other world. Once placed into another time, the setting again becomes crucial to the believability of fantasy, that is why the authors in both The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe and Toms Midnight Garden expend an enormous amount of time and energy to develop place in the other world. In The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe the children enter into the magical world of Narnia, and when Lucy makes the first discovery, this is when the reader first realises that time in Narnia works differently to that of the real world. Lucy is anxious to get back home, as she is worried that her siblings will be looking for her: Ive got to go home at once. The others will be wondering what has happened to me. However, when she returns, she is shocked and horrified when she realises that time has not past by, and seen as though she has been away for hours and hours, she cannot comprehend how the others have not been in search for her. This is due to the fact that time comes to a stand still in the real world, and when they enter Narnia time works in a different way. While time passes by in Narnia, and the children go through several adventures, the time in reality remains stagnant. But why does the author do this? This is due to the fact that time is the only means in which the reader can evoke something different and other because everything else in Narnia, such as living conditions, good and evil take place, just like the normal world. So in order to differentiate fantasy and reality the author must use the thematic and symbolic importance of time. Time in The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe is extremely significant because without it the story would not have been possible, as the children would not have had any time in Narnia, to have experienced any of the adventures. It is the halting of time in the real world which makes the story possible and a success. The children are not confined or constrained by time, this being the excitement and thrill of it all, as this is what intrigues the child reader, as every child longs for freedom of time, especially when out on discoveries and adventures. Furthermore, it is only through the passage of the literal time along with the passage of the narration, that the children learn and in a sense explore the journey from childhood to adulthood. This is definitely seen within the character of Edmund. For the first half of the book, Edmund is as spiteful and mean as it is possible for a young boy to be, but his character through time of the narration and the time slip fantasy, allows him to transform half way through the novel. .u771f6d7cbf203b0756761eb4812e7ce2 , .u771f6d7cbf203b0756761eb4812e7ce2 .postImageUrl , .u771f6d7cbf203b0756761eb4812e7ce2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u771f6d7cbf203b0756761eb4812e7ce2 , .u771f6d7cbf203b0756761eb4812e7ce2:hover , .u771f6d7cbf203b0756761eb4812e7ce2:visited , .u771f6d7cbf203b0756761eb4812e7ce2:active { border:0!important; } .u771f6d7cbf203b0756761eb4812e7ce2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u771f6d7cbf203b0756761eb4812e7ce2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u771f6d7cbf203b0756761eb4812e7ce2:active , .u771f6d7cbf203b0756761eb4812e7ce2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u771f6d7cbf203b0756761eb4812e7ce2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u771f6d7cbf203b0756761eb4812e7ce2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u771f6d7cbf203b0756761eb4812e7ce2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u771f6d7cbf203b0756761eb4812e7ce2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u771f6d7cbf203b0756761eb4812e7ce2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u771f6d7cbf203b0756761eb4812e7ce2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u771f6d7cbf203b0756761eb4812e7ce2 .u771f6d7cbf203b0756761eb4812e7ce2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u771f6d7cbf203b0756761eb4812e7ce2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Arthur Miller And Crucible EssayThe witchs box of Turkish delights initially seduces Edmund, and this magical candy causes insatiable greed for more in the unfortunate eater. However, it is a mixture of greed along with innocence and gullibility that lure Edmund into the hands of the evil witch. Being a child, he is unable to peruse the witchs tactics and ulterior motives. Originally, Edmund is a traitor because of his greed and Turkish delight. Later, it is evident that Edmund is corrupted by desire for power and by the lavish promises of the witch. As time passes by in Narnia, Edmund eventually comes to realise that the witch treats him like a slave rather than a prince. He also expresses empathy and latent kindness when he witnesses the witch petrifying a happy group of small forest animals, and for the first time in the novel he Felt sorry for someone besides himself. Eventually, Edmund fully realises the witchs true intentions and the benevolence of Aslan, a discussion with Aslan seems to cement this change. It is only through the passage of time that Edmund realises his mistakes. As a result, he distinguishes between good and evil, which is symbolic in The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe as Christ and the devil. At the beginning Edmund was afraid of the witch, but in the end he stands up for himself in battle and helps slay the white witch, which earned him the title king He was called King Edmund the Just. Here we see time has matured him, from a timid and naive child, believing everything the witch says to him, he transforms into a man who fights for what he thinks is ultimately right. However, when he returns to the real world, he becomes a child once again, although he still has recollection of the events in Narnia which matured him. A further aspect of the book, which is significance of the symbolic theme of time, is the changing of the seasons. From the harsh, cruel and violent winter, the season then changes to spring. It is the witch that casts an enchanted, eternal winter on Narnia, symbolising a dead, stagnant time. Nothing grows, animals hibernate, and people crouch around fire rather than enjoying the outdoors. Nearly every human being has a visceral negative reaction to winter, even when it is at a normal length. We can imagine how quickly eternal winter would become intolerable. The witchs winter destroys the beauty and the life in Narnia. There is a pristine appeal to woods blanketed in snow and frozen waterfalls, but our overall impression is of a barren, empty land. The season of winter is a perfect and ideal way to represent that Narnia has fallen under an evil regime. Not only is nature frozen, but the witch also freezes the poor Narnians when they annoy her; she freezes them into stone with her gold wand. The fact that she turns living things into stone, suggests that she is freezing time, as time cannot progress due her evil powers. She denounces time, as through time the seasons change, which she detests as she wants to have Narnia under the season of winter eternally. However, when Aslan arrives in Narnia, spring occurs but of course, Christmas occurs before spring can come. Christmas in the novel is definitely a significant symbol of time, because Christ was born at Christmas. It is Christmas time that signals hope for mankind: With the birth of Christ we are given hope of new life. Spring follows Christmas and all of a sudden the woods are completely alive. Flowers are blooming, springs and brooks are chuckling, birds are singing, and delightful smells waft pass on gentle breezes. Therefore, this time change of the seasons is very significant in Narnia, because they are not ordinary seasons. Winter is the time of season which symbolises death; therefore with the occurrence of spring, Narnia is experiencing the epitome of life.

Audiencia previa Master Calendar en proceso deportación

Audiencia previa Master Calendar en proceso deportacià ³n Cuando un migrante recibe una carta citndolo para que se presente en una fecha determinada en corte para el Master Calendar eso significa que se ha iniciado y dado el primer paso en el proceso de deportacià ³n en su contra. Durante este proceso el migrante se juega ganar el derecho a permanecer en EE.UU. o, por el contrario, obtener una orden de remocià ³n. Por ello es importante entender quà © es el Master Calendar y quà © se decide en ese momento, cà ³mo prepararse y casos en los que puede tener lugar un segundo Master Calendar  ¿Quà © es el Master Calendar? El Master Calendar es una audiencia previa en el juicio de deportacià ³n. Unas semanas o meses ms tarde tiene lugar la audiencia propiamente dicha, que es que se conoce en inglà ©s como Individual hearing. Cuando un migrante recibe la carta que se conoce en inglà ©s como Notice to Appear, o por sus siglas NTA, en la que se seà ±ala que debe presentarse en fecha y hora determinada en una Corte de Inmigracià ³n para el Master Calendar. El Master Calendar quiere decir que se ha iniciado contra un migrante un procedimiento de deportacià ³n. Los cargos son los que se seà ±alan en la Notice to Appear, es decir, en la carta en la que se notificà ³ que debà ­a presentarse en Corte para el Master Calendar. En algunos casos los migrantes podrà ­an recibir otro tipo de notificacià ³n. Son ejemplos de cargos los siguientes: ingreso ilegal a EE.UU.permanecer en el paà ­s ms tiempo del permitidoutilizacià ³n de documentos falsosmentir en la aplicacià ³n de un beneficio migratoriocondena por determinados delitos, etc. Los abogados recomiendan nunca reconocer un fraude como, por ejemplo, la utilizacià ³n de documentos falsos.  ¿Quà © sucede en un Master Calendar ante un Juez de Inmigracià ³n? En las audiencias Master Calendar el juez cita a muchos migrantes –pueden ser incluso 30– para que comparezcan en el mismo plazo de tiempo de unas dos horas. Y a partir de ahà ­ ir resolviendo asuntos bsicamente de carcter administrativo. El juez llamar a cada migrante por su nà ºmero de Alien Registration Number y nombre. Cuando se produce el llamado, el inmigrante y, si tiene, su abogado, se levantarn e irn hablar con el juez.  Adems, tambià ©n estar presente al abogado que representa los intereses del gobierno. Se trata de determinar de manera rpida quà © camino va a seguir el proceso de deportacià ³n. Si el inmigrante tiene abogado, de pago o pro bono, lo ms frecuente es que las preguntas las conteste el letrado. El juez va a recordar los cargos contra el migrante, que ya se conocen porque figuran en la carta del Notice to Appear. El inmigrante puede rechazarlos o admitirlos. Tambià ©n puede seà ±alar que hay errores, como por ejemplo, si se dice que entrà ³ en determinada fecha en el paà ­s y la verdadera es otra, es el momento de llamar la atencià ³n del juez sobre eso. A continuacià ³n se establecer cul es el alivio que se va a buscar para luchar contra la deportacià ³n, Por ejemplo, si se solicita asilo, o una  salida voluntaria  o se est en condicià ³n de pedir un  ajuste de estatus, etc. Tambià ©n se van a decidir puntos como la fecha de la vista que se conoce como Individual Hearing y muy posiblemente el juez dà © unos plazos para presentar documentacià ³n para enviar aplicaciones o informacià ³n adicional. Es importante tener a mano un calendario donde anotar las fechas, ya que deben cumplirse todos los plazos. Incluso es posible que se fije una segunda audiencia Master Calendar como, por ejemplo, cuando el migrante todavà ­a no ha encontrado a un abogado que se haga cargo de su caso o cuando el letrado todavà ­a no ha tenido tiempo para beneficiarse con el mismo. Al finalizar la audiencia del Master Calendar se recibir un papel (Notice) donde aparece una nueva fecha: la de la vista individual y, en algunos casos, el de otra audiencia previa. Audiencia de Master Calendar y peticiones de asilo Para los migrantes que solicitan asilo en la audiencia del Master Calendar cabe destacar que si se solicita asilo es conveniente que cuando el juez pregunta a quà © paà ­s se desea ser deportado, si esa es la decisià ³n final del caso, no se diga el paà ­s propio, ya que se considera que el solicitante de asilo tiene miedo de regresar. Hablarlo con un abogado porque podrà ­a ser recomendable guardar silencio ante esa pregunta. Asimismo, si se solicita el asilo debe pedirse, al mismo tiempo, cancelacià ³n de la deportacià ³n conocida en inglà ©s como withholding of removal y tambià ©n la proteccià ³n segà ºn la Convencià ³n de Naciones Unidas en contra de la Tortura. Tambià ©n para los solicitantes de asilo cabe destacar que si se acepta una expulsià ³n rpida conocida en inglà ©s como expedited removal el plazo que se dar para la audiencia principal individual de mà ©ritos es de un mximo de 180 dà ­as a contar desde la fecha en la que se presentà ³ inicialmente la solicitud, lo cual puede ser insuficiente para preparar con garantà ­as el caso de asilo. Pero, por otro lado, si no se acepta el expedited removal el migrante no tendr derecho a obtener un permiso de trabajo mientras el caso se tramita en Corte migratoria. Preparacià ³n para audiencia Master Calendar: quà © llevar y cunto se demora El inmigrante debe presentarse con tiempo y haber planeado el dà ­a de tal manera que sepa que es posible que pase en el edificio de la Corte varias horas, aunque su presencia ante el juez va a durar unos 20 minutos. Para asegurase de llegar a tiempo, consultar la direccià ³n exacta de la corte. Tambià ©n se puede saber el nombre del juez y del administrador de la corte. Ir bien presentado, sin nada que pueda ser considerado un arma, y llevar la carta del Notice to Appear donde se le cita para esa Corte el dà ­a en que se presenta. Llevar tambià ©n un I.D. que puede ser el pasaporte, una licencia de manejar, la matrà ­cula consular, etc. Tambià ©n debe llevarse el original de cualquier documento que se estime, a sugerencia del abogado si se tuviera uno, que servir para ilustrar el alivio de la deportacià ³n que se solicita. Aunque la ley no obliga a llevar abogado es muy recomendable, ya que las estadà ­sticas demuestran que realmente hay una gran diferencia en resultados cuando los migrantes estn debidamente representados por un letrado que conoce las leyes de inmigracià ³n, es honrado y pone tiempo y esfuerzo para entender el caso del cliente y buscar una posible solucià ³n. Se puede ir acompaà ±ado de familiares, pero nunca debe ir a un edificio federal voluntaria un indocumentado, ya que puede ser arrestado. Es recomendable que se queden en casa o esperen fuera del edificio de la Corte. Adems, es mejor que los menores no està ©n dentro de una sala de inmigracià ³n ya que se pueden ver u oà ­r cosas desagradables o muy duras para ellos.  ¿Quà © hacer si no se tiene un buen conocimiento del inglà ©s? Si no se entiende inglà ©s y, por lo tanto, no se tiene comprensià ³n de quà © est sucediendo se puede solicitar un intà ©rprete. Lo ms frecuente es que este servicio se preste por telà ©fono y es totalmente gratuito. No est permitido que el migrante traiga a corte a su propio intà ©rprete. Quà © se puede hacer si los plazos seà ±alados por el juez son muy cortos Puede suceder que el inmigrante no pueda preparar bien su defensa o encontrar y reunir todos los documentos y testigos para respaldar el alivio que se desea pedir en los plazos que fijà ³ el juez de Inmigracià ³n. Si ese es el caso hay que pedir una extensià ³n de los plazos, lo que en inglà ©s se conoce como extension of deadlines. Y, si lo que es necesario es pasar para una fecha ms tarde el individual hearing entonces lo que procede es pedir una audiencia para ms tarde continuance. Es muy importante argumentar bien la razà ³n por la que se necesitan estas nuevas fechas. Si no se hace asà ­, el juez lo va a negar. Tambià ©n en los casos en los que se ha fijado un nuevo Master Calendar, en vez de una Individual Hearing, se puede pedir que se posponga la fecha y tambià ©n a travà ©s de lo que se conoce como continuance. Tambià ©n tiene que estar apoyada esta peticià ³n por alguna razà ³n. Por ejemplo, que se acaba de encontrar abogado y à ©ste todavà ­a no ha tenido tiempo para familiarizarse con el caso. Consecuencias de no presentarse a audiencia Master Calendar No presentarse a un Master Calendar o incluso simplemente llegar tarde, como por ejemplo, por razones de trfico, puede tener consecuencias realmente malas.   Por ejemplo, el juez puede negar toda posible defensa que se pretende argumentar frente a la deportacià ³n. O, incluso, puede dictar una orden de deportacià ³n aunque el migrante no està © presente. Es lo que se conoce como deportacià ³n in absentia. Las personas que no se presentaron a un Master Calendar pueden utilizar un sistema automatizado para saber si tienen una orden de deportacià ³n en su contra. La audiencia individual de mà ©ritos En la audiencia Master Calendar no se presentan testigos ni se interroga al migrante, simplemente es una audiencia previa. Ser ms tarde, en la audiencia individual de mà ©ritos, en la que se desarrolla el juicio y al finalizar la misma el juez determinar si el migrante se puede quedar en EE.UU. o, por el contrario, ordena su remocià ³n. Contra la decisià ³n del juez es posible apelar ante el Board of Immigration Appeals. Master Calendar El Master Calendar es una audiencia previa en el juicio de deportacià ³n de un migrante. En ella el migrante no es interrogado ni se presentan testigo y sirve para establecer cul va a ser su defensa .Para el migrante que no se presenta a una cita en corte para Master Calendar o incluso simplemente llega tarde puede ordenarse su deportacià ³n in absence.No es obligatorio presentarse a la Master Calendar con abogado y el gobierno no paga uno de oficio. Sin embargo, es altamente recomendable contratar a un letrado con excelente reputacià ³n o encontrar uno que trabaje pro bono.Si no se habla inglà ©s con fluidez, solicitar los servicios de un intà ©rprete, que es gratuito. El migrante no est autorizado a presentar a su propio traductor. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Natives (or Black) Land Act No. 27 Law of 1913

Natives (or Black) Land Act No. 27 Law of 1913 The Natives Land Act (No. 27 of 1913), which was later known as the Bantu Land Act or Black Land Act, was one of the many laws that ensured the economic and social dominance of whites prior to Apartheid. Under the Black Land Act, which came into force 19 June 1913, black South Africans were no longer be able to own, or even rent, land outside of designated reserves. These reserves not only amounted to just 7-8% of South Africas land but were also less fertile than lands set aside for white owners. Impact of the Natives Land Act The Natives Land Act dispossessed black South Africans and prevented them from competing with white farm workers for jobs. As Sol Plaatje wrote in the opening lines of Native Life in South Africa, â€Å"Awakening on Friday morning, June 20, 1913, the South African Native found himself, not actually a slave, but a pariah in the land of his birth.† The Natives Land Act was by no means the beginning of dispossession. White South Africans had already appropriated much of the land through colonial conquest and legislation, and this would become a vital point in the post-Apartheid era. There were also several exceptions to the Act. Cape province was initially excluded from the act as a result of the existing Black franchise rights, which were enshrined in the South Africa Act, and a few black South Africans successfully petitioned for exceptions to the law. The Land Act of 1913, however, legally established the idea that black South Africans did not belong in much of South Africa, and later legislation and policies were built around this law. In 1959, these reserves were converted to Bantustans, and in 1976, four of them were actually declared independent states within South Africa, a move that stripped those born in those 4 territories of their South African citizenship. The 1913 Act, while not the first act to dispossess black South Africans, became the basis of subsequent land legislation and evictions that ensured the segregation and destitution of much of South Africas population. Repeal of the Act There were immediate efforts to repeal the Natives Land Act. A deputation traveled to London to petition the British government to intervene since South Africa was one of the Dominions in the British Empire. The British government refused to intervene, and efforts to repeal the law came to nothing until the ending of Apartheid. In 1991, the South African legislature passed the Abolition of Racially Based Land Measures, which repealed the Natives Land Act and many of the laws that followed it. In 1994, the new, post-Apartheid parliament also passed the Restitution of Native Land Act. Restitution, however, only applied to lands taken through policies explicitly designed to ensure racial segregation. It, thus, applied to lands taken under the Natives Land Act, but not the vast territories taken prior to the act during the era of conquest and colonization. Legacies of the Act In the decades since the end of Apartheid, black ownership of South African land has improved, but the effects of the 1913 act and other moments of appropriation are still evident in the landscape and map of South Africa. Resources: Braun, Lindsay Frederick. (2014) Colonial Survey and Native Landscapes in Rural South Africa, 1850 - 1913: The Politics of Divided Space in the Cape and Transvaal. Brill. Gibson, James L. (2009). Overcoming Historical Injustices: Land Reconciliation in South Africa.   Cambridge University Press. Plaatje, Sol. (1915) Native Life in South Africa.

Intervention paper( group therapy) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Intervention paper( group therapy) - Essay Example You can start to tell the child that they have the ability to create their own lives. They learn that there are choices and perspectives that they will learn to make and see. They are filled with a self-determination to make them do what they need to do and to find a way or they may find that they have the ability in how we make the interpretations they need to make in the situations, events, and relationships they make in their lives. The therapist will show the child how to make those interpretations and decisions in a more socially appropriate manner. You can tell the children that their actions have consequences. You can teach encouragement and cooperation so the child can learn proper motivation and to have a better understanding of themselves. This is a chance to let the child or children get to know each other and begin to interact with each other. It is a time to ask questions and hopefully get answers and be able to share their feelings of what is going to happen while in the group. It is a chance to express and teach the rules of the group. This could also be the time to show them (the children) around the therapeutic playroom to show that it is a safe place to express themselves in many different ways like art, music and dramatic play activities to let them feel empowered to be themselves and to be comfortable, which is the main thing so they will tell their stories. The child has the power in these sessions. In this first step this is when rapport is being built and building encouragement. Step 1- Giving Instructions-- Give each of the children a pencil or crayons and several sheets of paper. You can ask them to draw a picture of everyone in their family for you. You can tell them that the family members must be doing something and they should be whole people and not stick people. Give them gentle reminders of these rules as the activity continues. Step 2- Drawing-- While the children are drawing their

Applying objectives Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Applying objectives - Assignment Example For example, small business will focus primarily in, marketing, customer care, employee retention, growth and core values. With marketing, the business firm will understand the consumer buying trends hence they become able to anticipate the distribution needs of products and develop relevant business partnerships. Secondly, noble customer service enables the firm to retain her clientele and generate more of repeat revenue. Next, employee retention would be of essence since employee turn over costs lots of money. The money incurred in recruitment and productivity. Moreover, growth will equally be a prime objective in small businesses since and core values will also help state the beliefs of the company in terms of employee satisfaction, costumer interaction, responsibility the society excreta. On the other hand, mega business enterprises would prioritize different objectives such as; profitability, productivity, maintains financing, competitive analysis and change management. Profitab ility will ensure that the profits or revenue is above the costs incurred. Productivity Coca-Cola company business being a mega business enterprise will prioritize customer retention, competitive analysis and productivity as its major objectives. The efficiency of the machines of production, the level of customer retention through situational analysis can be evaluated in measuring these goals. Some of the types of outsourcing are BPO and KPO. In business process outsourcing deals with outsourcing of a particular product such as a payroll while knowledge based processing entails carrying out standard processes to the clientele. The latter is more effective because it addresses the extramural needs of the consumer. BPO is advantageous because it gives opportunity o employment. It equally has disadvantageous because it impedes creativity. On the other hand, KPO is advantageous because it gives room for innovation and learning through

The Art of the Memoir Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Art of the Memoir - Essay Example As a result, it became evident that at each and every step of the way, Mary came from a dysfunctional family that contributed to the negative thoughts and experiences that she witnessed (Karr, p 5). This is because the family is a stepping stone to the individual and what they turn out to be like in future. The feelings and expectations of each and every family are radiated and shown in the people that are in the family. If the situation in which they grew up dictates that they are passionate and successful this is as a result of what they were indoctrinated to as they were growing up. The author states that it is prudent for each person in the family to contribute to the positive outcome of everyone. This is because at each point, the contributions will count for something once they have grown up. Mary’s father should have had the capacity to stop drinking and netting violence on his family (Karr, p 12). This would have created an avenue for them to raise their children in a peaceful environment. The basic component in each and every society is mirrored in the families that they come from. This would have the capacity to ensure that the family grew up as a unit that was a combination of each and every factor that made them unique. This will be radiated with love, care and concern for each other. The Color of Water One thing that is clear is that image and general self worth is everything that defines the way one grows and sees themselves in the society that they are socialized. Individual identity is a crucial factor in each and every society. The McBride family had to face societal segregations. James father was segregated because he was black. This was mostly by the whites in the society. He went ahead and married a white woman (McBride, p 21). This symbolic act did not obviously augur well with her family and the rest of the black folks where they resided. The journey that James father took was one of resilience and stamina at each and every step of the way. He encouraged his wife to be proud of where she came from. The foundation of their church was a genuine representation of what they felt and stood for. In the memoir, the strength and resilience that James had to put up was a result of his upbringing. This encouraged him to fight for what he believed in and what he did not. This is exactly what his mother did to ensure that she raised them all despite the demise of their father (McBride, p 27). Life has so many instances and experiences that have the sole duty of being eye openers. They offer guidance on what should be done at each and every step of the way. This is the only way that life and what it has to offer can be experienced and enjoyed. The memoir offers the consolation that each and every experience has the duty of ensuring that it is possible to deal with the issues. The tribute from the son to his resilient mother is one that has the sole aim of offering inspiration to all the involved parties. The sole encourage ment comes from the fact that the differences that are witnessed in families set them apart in terms of uniqueness and societal perfection. Colors of the Mountain by Da Chen In my opinion, ‘Colors of the mountain’ is a beautiful memoir of the author, Da Chen, as he was growing up. The book reveals the sad childhood of the author as a young boy from the Mao Zedong Cultural Revolution in China (Chen, p 5). Personally, the memoir is very touching and fascinating because through the author’s story, we get to know about the fascinating history of the

Platos View On The Souls

Platos View On The Souls Platos ideas about the soul were revolutionary and extremely advanced for his time, as with most of Platos philosophies, yet on the other hand they appear to be both self-conflicting and flawed. In this essay I will proceed to justify this statement. Plato was a Greek philosopher with many views on life and existence. Platos views on the mind body distinction have been the target of many criticisms since his time. In the republic, he formulated ideas on the allegory of the cave and the theory of the forms. He believed that our existence on earth was merely a shadow of a higher spiritual plane, our bodies just a vessel, or even looked upon as a cage trapping the soul and restricting it from this higher plain.  [1]  Plato was a dualist and so believed that when the material body dies the soul lives on. He believed that we are dual creatures; the soul is distinct from the body and vice versa. The body has extension (it takes up space) and is impermanent: it has a beginning and will have an end. The soul takes up no space and is immortal: it pre-existed our body and will live forever. Plato does not really believe that the soul lives but that there is a part of existence that exists outside time. Platos views, are best described in his analogy allegory of the cave in which it depicts a prisoner that escapes the cave metaphorical for this life- and goes on to discover everything he once believed in was only a fraction of the truth: Platos main philosophy stemmed from the cave and was about knowing the theory of the forms. Here, he thought that the soul is immaterial and is immortal, however the body- being physical- could be doubted as it was part of the empirical world. Plato believed that the soul was immortal; it was in existence before the body and it continues to exist when the body dies. Plato thought this to be true because of his Theory of Forms. Plato thought we had such ideas as a perfect circle, not because we have seen one before or that it had been described to us, but the image was already known to us through the world of Forms. This theory also explained how the soul was generated; the soul already lived a life in the world of forms, a world that cannot be destroyed as the body can be destroyed. Once you die, the soul is free for a short time before being entrapped once again in another body.  [2]  Plato was also a rationalist. He believed that you only have true knowledge and understanding of reality through reason. The physical world is inferior, or course, to the realm of Forms. Any knowledge we have of the physical world is through our senses and is subjective and inexact. Platos idea of the soul is his dualist position, believing that body and soul are fundamentally distinct. His theory on the soul was produced in his book Phaedrus. In it Plato was most concerned with demonstrating the immortality of the soul and its ability to survive bodily death. He proposed the idea that, like Aristotles idea of motion, whatever is the source of its own motion or animation must be immortal.  [3]  Plato was writing at a time in Greek philosophy where popular opinion believed that the soul did not survive death, and that it dispersed into nothing, like breath or smoke. Plato believed that the soul must be immortal by the very nature of being the source of its own animation, for it is only through a psyche that things can be living rather than dead. The souls are both animated and at the same time the source of its own animation. Plato also states that the soul is an intelligible and non-tangible article that cannot be destroyed or dispersed, much like his ideas about forms of non-tangible realities; such as beauty or courage. In a more simplistic sense, the soul is a form and is outside time in that way. The argument from affinity, as Plato posited in Phaedrus, states that because the soul is an invisible and intangible entity, as opposed to a complex and tangible body; the two must be distinct and separate. Plato believed that which is composite must be divisible, sensible and transient; and that which is simple must be invisible, indivisible and immutable.  [4]  Forms bear a resemblance to the simple, immutable entities, such as beauty; however a beautiful painting is transient and palpable. The body shows an affinity to the composite by nature of its mortality and mutability; just as the soul shows a similar affinity to immortality and indivisibleness. To further emphasise the point, Plato writes when the soul investigates by itself it passes into the realm of what is pure, ever existing, immortal and unchanging, and being akin to this, it always stays with it whenever it is by itself and can do so; it ceases to stray and remains in the same state as it is in touch with thing s of the same kind (Phaedo, 79c-d). He argues that just as the bodys prime function is to understand the material and transient world, the functioning of the soul as an entity of rational and self-reflective thought demonstrates its affiliation with a simple and immutable world; showing that the two are distinct. However Plato does not explore the criticisms of this argument that just because an entity portrays an affiliation, does not necessarily require it to be as that which it affiliates. Plato believed that the soul, if it were to be the animator of all living things, must be responsible for a persons mental or psychological activities and responses. For the soul cannot be the reason for life, yet at the same time limited in its influence over the bodies in which it animates. However this provides one of the most serious and potentially defeating criticisms of Platos views on the soul. He fails to address the issue of the interrelationship between body and soul, if they are indeed distinct. He doesnt mention if the soul act as controller of a lifeless body, or is there more to the body than simply the material. Moreover the argument from affiliation would suggest that the body is concerned with the material, composite world whilst the soul is concerned with the invisible and simple world. If this is the case then the soul cannot, following from Platos argument, have any interaction with the material, bodily world; for then it ceases to be simple and immutable. An argument from recollection, which Plato first put forward when discussing his theory of the world of the forms, also serves his theory of the soul. Perfect forms, such as equality, are knowable a priori; we have no need for experience to tell us whether two lines are equal length. We must, therefore, know these things through recollection of these perfect forms. Therefore, the soul must have pre-existed the body to know these facts a priori. Platos argument from opposites was based on his idea that everything in the observable world has an opposite effect. As Plato writes in his work Phaedo; If something smaller comes to be it will come from something larger before, which became smaller (Phaedo, 270d). In other words everything we can know has an opposite; asleep and awake; hot and cold. Similarly they are reversible, just as one goes from a state of sleep to a state of being awake, one can do the opposite. Plato argued that if this were the case, then the same should apply to life and death. Just as one can go from life to death, one must be able to go from death to life; and if this statement is correct, then the soul must survive this transition and as a consequence possess immortality and separation from the body. He believed that animation and life was integral to the very notion of the soul, just like heat is a part of fire; thus it cannot be destroyed and is eternal. A separate argument from his theory of opposites was that of a similar theory of the forms and their opposites. He stated that no entity can consist of contradictory forms, and thus one form must necessarily exist and the other not in any particular entity. The number five cannot possess both the form of even and odd; by adding or subtracting one; the form of odd is displaced by even. Plato wrote: so fire as the cold approaches will either go away or be destroyed; it will never venture to admit coldness and remain what it was, fire and cold The soul must share in the form of life, for we know that those living have a soul. Therefore, it cannot contain the form of death also, for this would be in direct conflict of life. The soul must ontologically necessarily exist, and must therefore be immortal. Contemporary analysis of Platos views on the soul produces many criticisms; there is a clear chronological confusion as his work progresses; with the soul starting as an intelligible and non-tangible item, yet progressing to where the soul becomes a complex tripartite entity that is trapped in the material body, yet still longing to enter the world of the forms. Plato demonstrates a contradictory and muddled thought process that attempts to find resolutions for flaws in his thinking. The idea of an imperfect entity entering the perfect realm of the forms is one such logical fallacy in his argument; and he does this by seeking to find reason and justification for his conclusion, rather than seeking a conclusion based on all of his own logic.

Satan in John Miltons Paradise Lost Essay -- essays research papers

Who is Satan? Satan’s definitions include the advocate of God, a personification of evil, the fallen angel, a spirit created by God, and also the accuser. People see Satan differently, some know of his existence, others think of him as just a myth, and there are those that just ignore him. John Milton's Paradise Lost tells of Satan's banishment from Heaven and his gain of earth. He and his brigade have plotted war against God and are now doomed to billow in the fiery pits of hell. Satan is a complex character with many different qualities. God is a character who we, as Christians, know about but do not completely understand. We also do not completely understand Satan. Some may think they know Satan but when asked â€Å"Is Satan divine?† they hesitate. I admit that this is a very tough question to answer but it is just one of the ways that we understand Satan. The tools we have to understand Satan are mainly the just Bible and our questions, but some use John Milton’s Pa radise Lost. There are some who think we should not use Paradise Lost as a tool because it is just a fictional book. I personally believe that this book could be a story told to John Milton by the Holy Spirit. Milton's Satan is somewhat different to our thought of Satan largely because he is more complex than the Satan of the Christian tradition. Satan's rebelliousness, his seeking of transcendence and his capacity for action, particularly evil action, change certain people’s viewpoints on him, even if their viewpoint might be considered theologically misleading. The question is: do we actually understand Satan and evil by means of the book Paradise Lost? In John Milton's Paradise Lost, Satan is banished from Heaven for his defiance against God. Satan an... ...ological story. We have books like the â€Å"Left Behind† series and some of us treat them like they are describing what is going to happen. In the book Wrestling with Dark Angels Satan is described as â€Å"a supernatural being, although limited in power yet still greatly effective in fulfilling his malicious purpose, at least for a time. Because he is limited in power he has to rely upon clever delusion and allusion† (117). Satan will never be in charge of us as long as we never let him in. If we let him in we will see the allusion and will love it like he does. Finally, Satan interests many critics, who ask many questions. Many of the questions are unanswerable since we do not have access to Satan’s mind, let alones Milton mind. The Satan in Paradise Lost is a product of Milton. His character will continue to fascinate and confuse us all for many more generations.

French And Indian War DBQ Essay

For decades, the French traded with the Indian tribes. This move created a civilized alliance with the Indians so that they could have a new region to claim as New France. Precious beaver furs was the main selling point. Soon enough, tensions rose whenever Pennsylvanians and Virginians decided that they also wanted to lay claims on this new found frontier land. This led to massive conflict between the colonies and ended up being one of the most brutal massacres in history. This is also known as the Seven Years’ War. The French and Indian war changed the relationship between the British and American colonies. By seeing this land as a way to enhance each’s wealth and power they would go to no extent to reach their goal, no matter what the consequences were. The French and Indian war changed the perspective of British and American colonies in about every way of economically, ideologically, and politically. Politically it effected the colonies by republicanism, ideologicall y because of independence, and economically through the taxation. In document one, the colonial power in pre-war 1754 started out as evenly disputed throughout North America. Some of the colonial power over certain parts of North America were shared between Great Britain and the French before the war. Then, the power in post-war 1763 looked as if the British had almost total control of North America. The only parts it didn’t own was Louisiana and Texas, which was owned by the Spanish. The great gain of control in power and expansion of territories for Britain led to more responsibility. When the British began taking over politically, they started changing government by wanting a republican system over the English monarchy. Document four states how the colonial militiamen were denied access to the clothes and or supplies they needed, even though they were Englishmen born, they were not the regular British. These colonial men were being held under the British powers. It was time for these men to leave to go home, but they were not yet allowed to leave. They swore to do no more duty for them while they were there since it was there time to leave, which then caused conflict because the British wanted to still have power over  them. Document three begins to talk about George Washington’s loyalty to his king and country and he has respect for his new commander General Braddock with such great experience and abilities. After the General got shot during a battle George Washington is declared to be the leader. He later on signs a treaty written in French, even though he cannot read or speak French, and by signing that treaty he is tricked into confessing that he killed a commanding officer. The Treaty of Paris ended the French and Indian war in 1763, according to document five. The Treaty of Paris also made Britain more powerful because Britain became the sole leading political power. The colonists praise that the threat of enemies were removed and they can begin to enjoy the freedom. Even though the Treaty of Paris ended the war there was still war expenses that were enormously expensive that made the victory less sweet because those expenses were hanging over them. 1763 the national debt doubled in Britain whenever Pitt started in office. According to document five, the British Order in Council believed that the revenue coming in from America was less than enough and insufficient. The council was saying that they needed to create a larger revenue to keep the military protection over the colonies. Also, that if new territory came along and the population expanded they would need more oversight, which costs even more money. To get the revenue needed to pay debts the British begin to enforce mercantilist policies. The trade was beginning to be regulated as required to bring in more money. To show more authority the British took greater control over the colonial Government’s affair and gave them little to no control over it. Economically, the British were in control of all revenue due to the major need of revenue to help pay the debts and they were determined to do whatever it took to get the money. In 1765 The Stamp Act was created to raise greater amounts of revenue. The Stamp Act was a tax on all paper that was required for official documents like newspapers, court documents, licenses, ships’ cargo lists, etc. It required an attached stamp for proof that the tax for it had been paid. In 1766 a worldwide resistance towards The Stamp Act evolved to try and repeal the unfair tax. Document eight begins talking about how Benjamin Franklin tells John Hughs that he is working in hopes to repeal The Stamp Act. Franklin still wants to obey the laws and avoid punishment, but he knows hostility will be shown toward the political system from the colonists. Document seven shows a cutout from a  Pennsylvanian newspaper during this crucial time in 1765. The newspaper shows rebellion by using skull and cross bone symbols to describe the times as dreadful. The newspaper leaves a place for the stamp but fills it with a skull and words that said â€Å"An emblem of the effects of the STAMP, o’ the fatal stamp.† The newspaper puts the article in the shape of a tombstone to represent the death of colonial government’s rights. The newspaper encourages the people to take a stand and rebel against The Stamp Act to bring it to an end. In conclusion, The French and Indian war was a battle between the English and French for power over colonies in North America. This battle is well known as the Seven Years War. This results with problems occurring economically, politically, and ideologically. No real winner was made from this battle because even though the British won they were in enormous amounts of debt that they couldn’ t pay off. This debt almost crashed the whole English government. The British started off by gaining power over most of North America after the war, but didn’t realize the complications that came along with it. Next, they began to make America pay revenue to help the British pay off their debt and pay for military protection services over the colonies. Finally, the Stamp Act was introduced to the colonies to tax them on official papers and this was also to help get more revenue. This caused a widespread up rise of people who did not agree with the unfair tax on paper. Tempers were flared and the peoples’ limits had been pushed far enough because of this debt. Debt was the main cause of rages within colonies, which then lead to the bursting point, known as the Revolutionary War.

Bronfenbrenner ecological theory of development Essay Example

Bronfenbrenner ecological theory of development Essay Example Bronfenbrenner ecological theory of development Paper Bronfenbrenner ecological theory of development Paper Bronfenbrenner ecological system theory is one of the most frequently cited development models of our times. Its wide spread acceptance is in part due to varied solutions that it offers to complicated social and community problems (Damon Lerner, 2006). The theory revolves around the development of child and the impact of seemingly intertwined social issues on individual personality traits. It hypotheses that children are impacted by their immediate environment such as family, school or friends while factors including health, religious teachings and economy are all interrelated to effect the overall lifestyle. Although the impact of immediate environment is the strongest but it can be mitigated by another more powerful event in life (Cocking and Renninger, 1993). The five systems, as described by Bronfenbrenner are Microsystems, Mesosystem, Exosystem, Macrosystem and Chronosystem. The impact of most important setting is explained by Microsystem which includes the family, peer, school and neighbourhood. Although there is no set pattern or limit to the level of influence that any one system may exhibit, Microsystem is considered most influential. Bronfenbrenner levels of influence on personal development My family has had great influence in shaping my development and aspirations. Since my childhood, my parents took it upon themselves to train and emphasize the importance of cultural values. I was brought up in an environment where tradition and religion dictated every aspect of personal life. It seemed that the Church played a pivotal role in further strengthening the beliefs and faith associated with a traditional Christian America. As a child, my early memories evoke a picture of strict adherence to Christian faith as I accompanied my mother and other female relatives on occasional Church activities. Furthermore, a close knit family fostered the development of strong family ties that encouraged participation in family events and exchange of gifts. Such was the emphasis on attending important family events that my family still somehow manages to attend various ceremonies in spite of the hardship to travel long distances. It will not be an oversimplification to suggest that these strong relationships fostered a sense of unity where every member of family garners support from other well established members of this group. I have seen several of my Cousins and Uncles getting financial support as well as help with finding jobs, guidance and medical treatments. Even Bronfenbrenner himself suggest that there is a need for American families to live close enough to rely on each other. He advises that living together will enhance our chances of supporting young parents and elders (Boemmel Briscoe, 2001). On the contrary, such affection adversely affected my lifestyle at school where it was almost difficult for me to adjust in Kindergarten and early grades. The primary reason for such an anomaly can be attributed to the fact that my initial upbringing was done with care and affection from Parents, Uncles and Aunts which made it difficult for me to take dictation from someone else, who was initially a stranger to me. The trend continued throughout my school life where I made only a few trusted friends as my personality became accustomed to making friends based on my own perception of trust. I was brought up in a middle class neighbourhood where residents from several different cultures lived together in harmony. Such peaceful coexistence further strengthened my belief of camaraderie and looking towards family and friends for help. The overall circumstances and a relatively peaceful environment assisted me in developing unbiased attitudes towards people of different faith, cultures, race and gender. I was also fortunate to have the teachers and mentors who helped me envision a better world without the myths and controversies usually associated with people of different lifestyle. Regular family functions promoted active participation in healthy activities which kept us away from being attracted by events in media. I still have a vague memory of watching cartoons and such popular TV shows as Sesame Street but TV time was strictly scheduled by parents who oversaw the selection of every thing being watched. Where such an attitude fostered the ideas of ethical viewing it also provided a yearning to resist the commands which to me were conflicting with the freedom that I intended. Strict adherence to rules invoked a personality conflict that later developed into doing things that had more detrimental results. It included getting into brawls, frequent mood swings and apathy from taking orders. These attitudes first developed at the age of seven, which my parents misunderstood as ADHD Attention Deficit Hyper Disorder. I also remembered to be given certain medications for a few months followed by frequent visits to the therapist. Fortunately, one of my extended family members is a medical professional who specialises in the area of child medicine. He was also accustomed to our family life therefore he was able to convince my parents that such traits are normal in boys transitioning to teenage and should not be taken seriously. Due to lack of solid data on ADHD and a strong debate surrounding the effective treatment, my family stopped any further treatment. I am not a fervent reader nor do I remember studying many books but it seems habitual that I skim through newspapers and magazine articles to keep myself updated with major events unfolding around me. Such habits have encouraged me to critically analyse events and reports without being overwhelmed by the tone of the writer. Furthermore, I understand that events unfolding around the World and global economic meltdown has made it difficult for many to make a substantial living but it should be understood that the recession is cyclical and United States still provides opportunities which are far superior to any that other people around the World can ever get. Bronfenbrenner theory graduate school Most of my family has worked hard to achieve their goals and education has assisted most of them to achieve their objectives. Since my childhood, I have seen most of my family members enjoying a privilege of holding at least a high school diploma. Nowadays, a high school diploma may not mean much to our generation but three to four decades earlier it could land someone a reasonable blue collar job. I was always taught about the virtues of getting quality education. I remember that my grandfather used to appreciate and encourage young people to attend educational seminars and events. His thoughts were based on the philosophy that education does not merely provide the knowledge to understand the facts but instead it teaches to differentiate between fact and fiction. I think that these ideas are deeply imbedded in my conscience which has helped me to develop a better understanding of the environment around me. While such an opinion has definitely helped me to pursue higher education, it has also set me back in achieving greater results from education. Following the philosophy of my grandfather, I always tried to understand the basics without evaluating everything in detail. I have been so overwhelmed by the idea of details that it has made it relatively difficult for me to grasp detailed guidelines. I am moulded to appreciate simple and least complex items. Nevertheless, I was never forced to get a higher degree. Enrolling in a Master’s Program is my own decision which has primarily resulted from the teaching of my elders and to a lesser degree for gaining financial prosperity. As discussed, I was fortunate enough to get good teachers who were a role model of a successful social person. It can be assumed that one of the other reasons to continue a Master’s degree might be an urge to remain close to people who exude an image of higher intellect than the society. Although gaining financial prosperity is my secondary aim but I must confess that my decision to get a Master’s degree is also dictated by fears of an insecure future without the financial freedom that an average person craves for. Due to the fact that my extended family acts as a closely knit unit, several of my Cousins and Uncles have themselves gone to earn continuing education credits. I think I am also afraid to face the criticism of my family for not striving for a higher degree when most of my cousins are already planning to do so. In this regard, I consider myself lucky to be among a fortunate few to be bestowed with some of the best educational systems in the World. To me, it will be an injustice to myself for not grasping this opportunity and implement its wisdom to utilize my knowledge for the betterment of human kind. I personally think that Bronfenbrenner theory helps define almost every aspect of my life and it advocates looking at interrelated parameters to find a plausible solution to problems. References Boemmel, J Briscoe J (2001 May 9). Web Quest Project Theory Fact Sheet of Urie Bronfenbrenner. Retrieved April 23, 2009, from National Louis University Web site: http://pt3. nl. edu/boemmelbriscoewebquest. pdf Cocking, R, Renninger, A (1993). The development and meaning of psychological distance. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Damon W Lerner R (2006). Handbook of Child Psychology: Theoretical models of human development. Wiley Sons Inc. p 991

Dr. Tram and the Vietnam Conflict

Dr. Tram and the Vietnam Conflict Dr. Tram wrote a definitive book about the Vietnam War from around April 1968 when she worked as the chief medical officer in a field hospital in central Vietnams mountains (Tram 2). She volunteered to offer medical services to the soldiers in the war torn areas, and mostly she wrote down her experiences in her diary.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Dr. Tram and the Vietnam Conflict specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this diary she described her daily encounters with soldiers, her feelings about their pain, and feelings about the American soldiers among others. Dr. Tram made a difficult decision to stay with the soldiers in the war fields, I say this because despite her rich background, she took great risks unexpected of women in her times, and I believe if she were alive today she would have earned a place in the Vietnamese history books. Dr. Tram’s gives us different view of the Vietnam War, it gives a vict ims view of the war and the perpetrators. Being a North Vietnamese she made a very bold decision to go to the war torn South Vietnam, since at that time North Vietnam was a different country from the south (Mydans 34). She specifically went to Quang Ngai province to work as a doctor in the hospitals and clinics in the areas of the Duc Pho areas mostly controlled by the National Liberation Front or the Viet Cong. Unfortunately she was ambushed and killed at her twenty-seventh age when she was returning to her hospital from one of the clinical visits. From her perspective we learn of how the locals felt about the American involvement in the war, we learn that she hated the Americans with a passion for the killings and bombings they did to their country, for maiming her country men and in general were of the pain they underwent in such periods. The abrupt stop in her work shows us how life can be cruel and unfriendly and the war never cares about any one. We also realize that in these times she missed her mothers love and she was weary and always longing for her mothers caring arms (Tram 2). Despite the American soldiers being perceived by the rest of the world to be hard fighting, hard loving and hard living; we realize they were brutal as it is relieved in the book. It seems as if she was driven by an inner desire to love and care that made her risk her life in the war fields. Dr. Tram was driven by love and passion for her country men and a desire to see them liberated. She would often stay in Hanoi to attend to the patients and soldiers and every weekend visit her family in the evacuation sites (Mydans 35). She felt the pain, the insecurities and the fear the soldiers experienced and in most cases she would criticize herself for never rising to occasion or being weak while the rest sacrificed their youth for the sake of liberation.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF L earn More Due to this passion and love she operated on the wounded soldier in unimaginable primitive conditions and was often without drugs that could save their lives. She was always at pain when she saw them die in her hands when she could nothing to save them. She sacrificed her life for the sake of the soldiers and for the sake of her country. Due to this sacrifice she has entered into the official pantheon of wartime heroes that is inclusive of a number of brave young women who also risked their lives. A hospital has been built and a stature erected in memory of her at the remote site of her clinic in Quang Ngai Province. I believe if she was alive she would a living testimony and icon of many, and probably she would scold the current selfish regime in which people are mindful of themselves more than their fellow countrymen. She would greatly oppose the trend where the people do not sacrifice for their fellows but sacrifice their fellows instead. She also might probably not agree with the much honor bestowed upon her at the expense of the very many that died in the war. In conclusion Dr. Tram’s diary gives us the real picture of the war, by describing the situations the soldiers encountered, the longings for their loved ones, and the harsh conditions they were in. It also shows how love for one’s country can make him make a big sacrifice for its benefit. Dr. Tram, Dang Thuy. Last Night I Dreamed of Peace. Trans. Pham, Andrew. New York, NY: Three Rivers Press. 2007. Print. Mydans, Seth. â€Å"Diary of North Vietnam Doctor Killed in U.S. Attack Makes War Real.† New York Times 26 Jun. 2006: 34-35. Print. I would like to thank the following person for helping me put this paper together: Chen Xu, worked with me 4 hours.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Dr. Tram and the Vietnam Conflict specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More De Liang Liang, worked with me 4 hours.

The British Constitution And Modern Democracies Essay

The British Constitution And Modern Democracies - Essay Example UK’s rules describing the powers of government, civil rights of its citizens among others exist in other statues, treaties, judicial decisions, regional conventions, and parliamentary acts among others (Republic.org, n.d.). Since the original influences of Norman conquest of England, drafting of the Magna Carta and its enactment into law, 1689 bill of rights and the successive parliamentary acts and reforms, especially in the 20th and 21st century, was the beginning and evolution of the of the English citizen’s right and the UK parliament powers in shaping its unwritten constitution. Critically, the legal and political consequences of Britain over time have led to its constitutional evolution, but not enough to enable its single documentation of laws. Over the last four decades, there have been numerous proposals for a codified UK constitution brought forth by groups and people of different political outlooks (Blick, 2011). One of the major arguments against the proposa l revolves around the process, intensity, and impacts of the amendments while comparing a written and unwritten constitution. The role of the UK parliament and its power acts central to the repeals of the constitution, to keep it flexible to the later adjustments and ensure all the functions of government are in order and operational. Initially, the monarch in ancient England held the authority and could use it to raise armies and taxes whenever they saw fit, or suspend the laws made in parliaments regardless of who constituted the house.... Initially, the monarch in ancient England held the authority and could use it to raise armies and taxes whenever they saw fit, or suspend the laws made in parliaments regardless of who constituted the house. The parliament had existed at the will of the monarchs, but during the reign of Charles I, there developed tension between the parliament and the king. The king had demonstrated personal rule, which was not in line with the house’s will, forcing the monarch to rule without a parliament for close to eleven years. This was followed by drastic actions taken by parliament that led into a civil war between the two parties; the parliament overthrew the king and demonstrated a commonwealth government for ten years without the house of lords and the king (Parliament.uk, n.d).Over the centuries, the parliaments’ (especially the house of common) authority has gradually developed to affect the entire British society through its constitution involvement. The declaration of the bill of rights towards the end of the 17th century enabled the parliament to take up powerful roles of the monarchs, which gave them more mandate to control and have a say to actions and matters pertaining Britain. Apart from the House of Lords, the British people can now elect their representatives who make the House of Commons, and from whom the ministers are chosen to represent the interest of the public. The declaratory act to facilitate UK’s parliament ability to legislate for their colonies is an indication of the powers accorded to the parliament back then (Totallyhistory.com, 2012).The modern parliament has the authority and capacity to discuss bills, amend, and enact them for a

Career in Dental Surgery Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Career in Dental Surgery - Personal Statement Example I go to his clinic and read his books about Dental Surgery. I have found great interest in the career of Dental Surgery. I want to be like that dentist that changed world history. "The extravagant headline "The Dentist Who Changed World History" is taken from the title of an article that appeared in Harper's Magazine, in December, 1943. The dentist referred to was Maurice William (1881-1973), who practiced in New York and who, if he didn't change world history, at least influenced the course of events in China." (4) The people in rural areas have less health resources so they are migrating to urban areas. A new report says "The year 2008 will be the first time that more than half of the earth's population-nearly 3.3 billion people-will be living in towns and cities." (5) Although people are generally afraid of approaching dentist as Taylor Caldwell, "[An] Anglo-American novelist, a prolific author of popular fiction, who used often in her works real historical events or persons"(6), says "I was never afraid of anything in the world except the dentist." (7) But I love Dental Surgery Career. I believe that if I do not love a career, I can not move forward in that career. this career. Motivation is one of the best gifts people possess in all aspects of their lives, but many of them do not even realize they have it or may not know how to use it. Motivation is a feeling that compels us to strive and succeed in all that we do or intend to do. Many people achieve success beyond their wildest dreams. It is often seen that they are not necessarily the smartest people around. Generally, it is seen that the people who succeed financially are the ones who are motivated to achieve success. Human beings have enormous

An Exploration of womens role in the construction industry Essay

An Exploration of womens role in the construction industry - Essay Example typically one of the most male dominated areas of the labour market, with women working in the industry making up only 10 percent of the UK construction workforce; in the general population, this workforce amounts to about 45 percent. The importance of the female worker will be noted, as ideas aimed at bringing women into construction work are examined. There is more awareness in the general population that women are an asset to professions such as architecture, and the construction organisation needs to address how to recruit women into the industry, and retain them within the workforce for as long as possible. An examination of how women are recruited and retained throughout the labour market, and comparison with the construction industry, may provide some answers. The construction industry is one of the most important industry sectors in terms of economic growth and employment. This sector is also crucial in producing goods and investment opportunities, with around 58 percent of the EU’s production depending directly or indirectly, upon the construction industry. However, the sector’s performance in the spheres of research and innovation is poor, with less than one percent of its turnover being returned for use in research and development funding. Some research considering the position of women within science and engineering has been done, but very little is known about the role of women within construction research, and the factors which hinder the equal participation of men and women within the industry. There appears to be a lack of awareness, or acknowledgement within the profession of issues that specifically relate to women within the workforce, and towards female architects in particular. Women’s accomplishments in the architectural field are not well-known, and are also not well publicized through university programmes, awards, or other promotional materials and events. Women entering the architectural practice after completing their degree

Criticism on the Novel Essay Example for Free

Criticism on the Novel Essay Nature setting are explicit Page 30: When I was about fifteen years old we had retired to our house near Belrive, when we witnessed a most violent and terrible thunderstorm. It advanced from behind the mountains of Jura, and the thunder burst at once with frightful loudness from various quarters of the heavens. I remained with curiosity and delight. As I stood at the door, on a beautiful oak which stood about twenty yards from our house; and so soon as the dazzling light vanished, the oak had disappeared, and nothing remained but a blasted stump. [] It was not splintered from the shock, but entirely reduced to thin ribbons of wood. Foreshadowing?: power of electricity sparks his attention, if it can destroy something so quickly, why cant it bring dead flesh to life? Scientific descriptions lack important information Page 48: It was already one in the morning; the rain pattered dismally against the panes, and my candle was nearly burnt out, when, by the glimmer of the half-extinguished light, I saw the dull yellow eye of the creature open; it breathed hard, and a convulsive motion agitated its limbs. We see how she was a poet in this quote: she gives more descriptions of the surroundings than the scientific aspect of which many people long for. Obviously shows the lack of knowledge displayed by Mary Shelly. Countries are close together Shows once again how much knowledge Mary Shelly had regarding geography. It sparks attention when she says that it takes longer to go from Geneva to Ingolstadt (a total of 413.6 miles) than it is to go to England. Monster has superhuman abilities yet he is made from human parts Page 70: I thought of pursuing the devil, but it would have been in vain, for another flash discovered him to me hanging among the rocks of the nearly perpendicular ascent of Mont Saleve, a hill that bounds Plainpalais on the south. He soon reached the summit and disappeared. Stereotyping of the Turkish and Irish people If Frankenstein had already created a monster, why did he need help from some other scientists for the creation of another monster? Page 153: I found that I could not compose a female without again devoting several months to profound study and laborious disquisition. I had heard of some discoveries having been made by an English philosopher, he knowledge of which was material to my success [] The Monster tells Frankenstein how hes survived mobs throwing rocks and several other projectiles and such, yet Frankenstein never stops trying to think he can kill the monster. Page 206: [] the monster whom I had created, the miserable demon whom I had sent abroad into the world for my destruction. I was possessed by a maddening rage when I thought of him, and desired and ardently prayed that I might have him within my grasp to wreak a great and signal revenge on his cursed head. All quotes from Mary Shelleys Frankenstein

Attracting Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Africa

Attracting Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Africa The developing economies of Africa must on their part make deliberate and sustained efforts to attract the much needed inflows of foreign investments. To achieve this, the enabling economic, financial and political environment for such inflows must be created. An economy that is exposed to higher levels of political instability, economic uncertainties and financial risk will not be able to gain the confidence of investors. These risk factors if not well mitigated with a great degree of transparency and accountability could serve as barriers to both local and foreign investments. According to Banz and Clough (2002), the major reasons among many others for not investing in developing economies are the lack of transparency and poor governance policies. Therefore, Nigeria and other developing economies of Africa must work towards an environment that has a relatively reasonable economic risk, ensure political stability and demonstrate moderate financial risk to attract foreign capital inf lows especially in the form of equity investment. The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) markets to which Nigeria belong have of recent experienced some legal, regulatory and supervisory changes resulting into increased transparency in the operation of their markets. The liquidity of the markets have increased and operations also liberalized to attract more foreign investors. The Nigerian economy is the largest of the 15 member body and has a lot of political and economic influence over the other members. Conscious efforts have been made by the various member countries to partially open up their economies, through systematic privatization programs, overhauling of their legal and financial institutional infrastructures and use of modern trading platforms have resulted in real development of their markets and manage to attract some foreign direct investments (FDI) to them. Nigeria is currently the biggest economy in Africa after the recent rebasement of its GDP, thereby beating South Africa to the second place ((Magnowski, 2014). The petroleum sector accounts for roughly 80% of fiscal revenues and 90% of export earnings (World Fact book).The country is also one of the major exporters of petroleum, and plays a significant role in OPEC (OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin 2013). To diversify its economy Nigeria is encouraging the growth of their private sector by offering some incentives to private sector equity investors who are willing to invest in the country. The country has an increasing GDP of $422.6bullion, $450.4billion and $502 billion for the years 2011, 2012 and 2013 respectively, and diminishing foreign debt stock of $15.73 billion and $13.4 billion for 2012 and 2013 respectively. There is also an increasing Foreign Direct Investment of $7.444 billionand $9.212 billion for 2012 and 2013 respectively (World Fact book: World Bank). The Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) is the second largest exchange in Africa; it was established in 1960 to provide listing and trading services among others. Its activities are regulated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) of the country. The value of publicly traded shares stood at $50.88 billion, $39.27 billion and $56.39 billion for 2011, 2012 and 2013 respectively. Despite all the above mentioned strong economic fundamentals or good indicators, Nigeria has been plagued by several daunting challenges, notable among them are the issues epileptic power supply, inadequate infrastructures, insecurity, endemic corruption, increasing rate of unemployment and its heavy reliance on petroleum products (Global edge, 2014; World fact book). These factors pose some uncertainties about the Nigerian economic and stock market outlook. Nevertheless, the Nigerian economy is still growing. Fortunately, the government is also conscious of some of these teething problems. Programs are initiated to diversify the economy in the areas of agriculture, power, telecommunication, transport and other services. These efforts seem to be yielding the desired results as evidenced in the country’s 6-8% per annum pre-rebasing growth rate. With these measures a seemingly conducive economic environment is created which could be exploited by investors. This therefore, presents reasonable economic risk. There is also institutionalized democracy leading to political stability in its own form in terms of the country’s ability to carry out declared programs. Nigeria is also able to finance its commercial and trade debt obligations and has at no time defaulted in payment of its external financial commitments; thus demonstrating relatively moderate financial risks. These indices send strong signals in terms of information content about Nigeria’s overall economic health to domestic, international investors and rating agencies among others. Therefore, it will be of interest to empirically explore how these factors (economic, financial and political risks) when taken together or separately can affect the country’s stock market performance and vice versa. Country risk ratings assess the probability of a country’s default on its debt from a variety of perspectives: from socio-economic condition to growth in the real gross domestic product (GDP), government stability to corruption, to exchange rate stability among others. The objective of this paper is to empirically investigate the short and long-run relationships between Nigeria’s country risk ratings; political, economic, and financial components and its stock market in order to provide further information for current and potential investors to enable them make better informed investment decisions. In our knowledge this is the first few studies of this nature conducted on an emerging economy like Nigeria. Our main instrument of investigation is the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach formulated by Pesaran and Pesaran (2009) and Pesaran et al. (2001), to empirically investigate the relationships. The ARDL method is adopted because of its econometrics techniques. One important advantage of the ARDL model over other traditional approaches is that it can be used in time-series data irrespective of their order of integration, whether I(0), I(1) and/or fractionally integrated (Pesaran and Pesaran, 2009). The ARDL approach can also test for cointegration by the bounds testing procedure and can estimate the short-run dynamics and long-run relationships. The rest of the paper is organized as follows; section two discusses related literature. Section three explains the methodology adopted in this paper. Section four presents the ARDL procedure and discusses its empirical findings. Conclusion and implications are given in section five. The globalization of trade and financial markets in the past years has created huge investment opportunities and its attendant risks. It has therefore, becomes inevitable to know the credit worthiness of participating players. The motive behind such an assessment of the economic and financial condition and sometimes political stability of a country is to be able to evaluate the country credit risks involved in doing business or investing in such a country. Any event in a country that will affect not only the prospect of profitability but also restrict the movement of capital in the form of profits, dividend etc is worth evaluating. The need for such critical evaluation of credit worthiness of countries has resulted in the establishment of several rating agencies such as Fitch, Moody’s and Standard Poor among many others. These risk ratings are considered as indicative of possible future default. A higher rating is seen as a lower risk of default, while a lower score indicates a higher risk of default. Though the primary significance of ratings is due to their impact on interest rates at which countries source for funds in the international financial markets, studies have also shown its influence on stock market movements. This argument is linked to the influence of country credit risk ratings on the inflows of Foreign Direct Investments (FDI), into the host’s economy, especially through equity shares investments. There is no scarcity of research papers on sovereign ratings and their critical roles for encouraging and facilitating investment flows especially in developed economies, but there is paucity of studies conducted on the impact of these ratings on movements of national stock markets, particularly for emerging markets such as Nigeria. Some of the early studies by Erb et al (1995, 1996a, 1996b) show that there is association or relationship between country credit risk (i.e. the risk of a country’s inability to service its external debts) and returns on equity investments. The existence of relationship between country credit ratings and stock market returns was confirmed in the early work of Erb et al. (1996a) using data that cut across boundaries. As a follow up to their earlier work, Erb et al. (1996b) investigated the influence of economic, financial and political risks on expected fixed income returns. They show that there is relation between the country risk measures and world bond market expected returns. For the ICRG economic variable, they find positive and significant signs in unhedged, local, and foreign exchange portfolio returns. They also show that the country risk attributes are significant to the real yields of fixed income securities. Kaminsky and Schmukler (2001) also examine the influence of sovereign ratings and outlook changes on the sensitivity of emerging financial markets. They find that these variables have substantial influence on both bond and stock markets. A domestic downgrade is associated with an average increase change rate of two percentage points in bond yield spreads and a decrease of one percentage point in stock returns. SubaÃ…Å ¸Ãƒâ€žÃ‚ ± (2008) expressed a contrary view, stating that in most cases news of a downgrade is often anticipate earlier before its announcement; therefore the potential negative effect of such information on stocks and exchange rate returns is diluted. The impacts of rating changes on both bond yield and sovereign debt have been tested severally by many authors. Reisen and Maltzan (1999) using the three main rating agencies, find that there is mutual interdependencies among rating changes and changes in bond yield spread. The study by Cantor and Packer (1996) also reported similar findings. Among several authors that have provided valuable insight into the influence of rating changes on sovereign debt and corporate securities are Hand et al. (1992) and Richards and Deddouche (1999). The degrees of sensitivity in all these studies tend to vary probably because of the methods used for the country risk analysis. Hammoudey et al. (2011) using emerging economies; Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (commonly referred to as the BRICS countries) establish various degrees of sensitivities of these countries’ stock markets to their respective country risk ratings. China is most sensitive to all the risk variables, followed by Russia, while all the BRICS countries show moderate economic risk sensitivity. The spillover effect of sovereign debt rating changes on national stock markets and international debts is also confirmed by various authors, among them are Ferreira and Gama 2007; Li et al 2008. This situation is common among countries that share common economic features and unrestricted Evidence of flow of information. Common border also suspected to play a significant role. Regional stock market movements are also influenced by country credit risk rating news. This development is consistent with the study by Christopher et al. (2008), stating that there is a positive relationship between the two factors. While Brooks et al. (2004) in their study, though under a different setting did not find any sensitive association among the two variables. Turkey’s stock market index also seems to have association with its economic, financial and political risk ratings. Using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, Sari et al. (2013) established a steady long-run relationship among the stock market and some of the risk variables. There are many leading commercial publishers of country and political risk analysis, but data for this study is sourced from the International Country Risk Guide (ICRG) economic, financial and political risk ratings for Nigeria covering the period 2001 to 2013. The ICRG rating system is made up of 22 variables representing three major components of country risk, namely economic, financial and political. These variables essentially represent risk-free measures. There are 5 variables representing each of the economic and financial components of risk, while the political component is based on 12 variables (Hoti, 2003). The specified allowable range for each factor reflects the weight attributed to each factor. A higher score indicates a lower risk and vice versa. The stock market returns variable is obtained by taking the first logarithm difference of the monthly stock of the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) for the period earlier specified.s