japanese occupation :: essays research papers

The American occupation of Japan   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fifty years after the end of the second World War, it is easy to look back on the American occupation of Japan and see it as a mild nudge to the left rather than a new beginning for the country. We still see an emperor, even if only as a symbol. Industry, when it was rebuilt, was under much of the same leadership as before the war. Many elements of the traditional lifestyle remained–with less government support and in competition with new variants. The Japanese people remained connected to a culture which was half western and half Japanese. Nevertheless, it is irrefutable that the surrender in 1945 had a major impact on the lives of the Japanese. Political parties, elected by the populous, became a great deal more influential in the government. This changed the dynamics of Japanese industry, even if the zaibatsu were sill the foundation of the economy. Financial success took on a new character; the production of high tech goods for sale to the world’ s most developed countries was now a better source of income. The affluence of the upper class was more evenly distributed. On a broader scale, for the first time, America had more influence than European powers. The prevention of the formation of a military put the focus of the government on trade, the United Nations, and the cold war rather than an empire in Asia. Simultaneously, social attitudes and lifestyle were more independent of the government and consumer led.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The American military occupation of Japan was the driving reason for all of the changes in postwar Japan. Its first task, determined even before the surrender was to disarm Japan and to remove the wartime leaders from their influential government positions. This was part of America’s plan to demilitarize and democratize. The goal was to purge the government, media, and education system of war criminals. Once this was accomplished, the American focus shifted to reform. The American plan for reform was based on the idea that Japanese aggression had developed because of fundamental faults in the government, (not, as the Japanese said, from a temporary deviation from the course set during the Meiji period) and that these faults had to be corrected before Japan could ever become a respected member of the developed world. Democratization was what America wanted.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first steps in the reforming process were obstructive to America’s goal of democracy.

Bussiness Proposal

Describe how the current market conditions will affect the planning or operating decisions involving the product. Market Structure The market structure in this instance could fall into one of two types, oligopoly or monopoly (McConnell, Bruce, & Flynn, 2009). The rationale behind oligopoly is that several large retailers currently provide this service and control the availability, use, and other aspects of the programs (McConnell, Bruce, & Flynn, 2009). The rationale behind monopoly is that the program is limited to each organization (McConnell, Bruce, & Flynn, 2009).For example the program used at my organization is call the Shop Your Way Rewards program, it is only available at Smart and Sears, it cannot be used at other retailers and is exclusively controlled by Sears Holding Inc. Ultimately The market structure is a combination of a monopoly and oligopoly. Price Elasticity of Demand Price elasticity of demand has little effect on this product as the product is a free program prov ided by the organization. Despite this fact price elasticity does have an effect on the use of the program in that the customers can earn points on purchases and in turn spend those points on other researched.In this instance, as prices rise or fall within the store the use of the product increases or decreases as a result. If for instance a products price rises at the store level, the number of points earned during purchases using the product increases as well. Likewise as the prices increase it requires customers to have more points available to make purchases. Though the rewards card is a free program an increase in product prices would translate to an increase in demand for the rewards card.In looking at the determinants of price elasticity of demand, substitutability is first. The only way to substitute this product would be to shop at a competitor using the rewards program there such as a Kroger Plus card. Another substitute would be to use coupons instead of the card; however enhance them. The next determinant is proportion of income, again this would tie into the selling price of products and how the rewards program would offset any increases in price therefore increasing the amount of funds available to purchase products.Next is the luxury versus necessity determinant, the rewards card applies to both and is neutral in this area as it can be used for either luxuries or necessities. The last determinant is time, as more consumers become familiar with this product the demand will increase as the benefits are realized. Profit-Maximizing Quantity This program essentially gives the customer a percentage of his or her purchase price back in the form of points that can be redeemed during a transaction Just like cash.The program also generates coupons based on purchase levels and membership levels for additional dollars or percentages off purchases. Through data analysis, the company has determined that customers enrolled in the program average three addition al shopping trips per onto than non-members, the data also reveals that members purchase on average $13 more per transaction than non-members. Points are earned one point at a time based on one percent of every $1 . An example of this would be a purchase of $100 would translate to gaining 10 points.Every 10 points equal one penny, 1,000 points equals $1, 10,000 points equals $10, and so forth. By increasing the frequency of customers return trips along with the average dollar amount of those purchases the company is essentially paying for the program by enrolling new members. As membership increases so do sales and in turn profits. Price and Non-price Strategies Because the program is free, no price is placed upon the product. A non-price strategy is currently underway in which the benefits of membership are expressed by checkout operators during the customer checkout experience.The company has also set enrollment and usage goals for each location within the company as well. Through the increase in verbal communication with every customer the company will realize the goals set and will be able to increase the goals as they are met. Production Costs The production costs associated with this product are the production of plastic cards for consumers to carry for purposes of using the program and redeeming points. This has been reduced over the last year and a half of the programs existence by encouraging customers to use their mobile phone number to access the account.The company also has an internally produced website specific to the program that allows customers to update information and review purchases and current point amounts. This required only a small outlay in web design as the hardware and software was already in place to support the aerogram. The company also is reducing costs on receipts as part of the program is to allow customers to receive electronic receipts via e-mail instead of printed paper receipts. The costs of the program also include the po ints issued to customers. These costs are offset by the increases in purchases.The following is a hypothetical cost break started the program by mass producing credit card-sized plastic rewards cards along with multicolumn, trip-fold brochures. The company's initial investment was $1 million for the printing, distribution, and advertisement of this program. The initial program an for 12 months prior to the first cost reduction initiative. The program had recurring costs of $100,000 per month to continue production and distribution of materials. This initiative was to eliminate the plastic card and eliminate the need for informational brochures.This was accomplished through the use of customer phone numbers and email addresses as identifiers instead of physical cards. The next reduction was made through the implementation of a website where the information regarding the product could be accessed by customers. This resulted in a net reduction of costs by $75,000 per month. The costs a ssociated with points accumulated and spent by customers is variable and changes month to month, the amount has been steadily increasing since the program's inception and will continue to do so.To curb expenses associated with this part of the program the suggestion is to limit the number of points that can be redeemed in any transaction as well as place an expiration date on accumulated points. This will prevent customers from saving up a large number of points and eroding profit margin. Current Global Economic Conditions and the Local Macro Economy The current global economic conditions eave led to increases production costs of products sold by Smart and Sears as a result these increased costs have been passed on to consumers in the form of price increases on the products.The rewards program will offer consumers a way to offset these increased costs by earning rewards points that will allow them to reduce the total amount of their purchase. The program will also issue member-only coupons to these consumers which will further reduce his or her costs. By doing this the company will see an increase in brand loyalty and revenues. Recent economic trends in the United States include new growth in the housing market, as consumers arches homes and contractors build new homes the demand for products offered by both Smart and Sears will increase and as a result the demand for the rewards program will increase as well.The company is seeking a 75% penetration rate across all avenues of the business, including brick and mortar stores and online outlets. Local Economies Current Stage in the Business Cycle The local economy is currently in an expansion period as businesses are slowly starting to rebound from the recession. This is evident by the increase in home sales and the resulting increase in mortgage rates, along with the decrease in unemployment. As a result the demand for the product will increase as people begin to have more disposable income and seek out purchase s for both luxury items, such as televisions and necessity items such as food.The product uniquely will set Smart and Sears apart from the competition in fighting for this increase in disposable income by allowing customers to access a virtually limitless amount of products through Internet shopping sites and affiliate marketplaces set up on those sites. The current market conditions for Smart and Sears are still in a period of struggle as individuals are still recovering from the recession. As individuals recover the company must fight to regain market share from new competitors such as Dollar General, Family Dollar, and Dollar Tree.These three companies capitalized on the recession by offering low price products that undercut many big box retailers such as Smart, Target, and Wall-Mart. As the economy recovers it will be important for Smart and Sears to pursue actively the consumers lost to these competitors and a way to do that is with the rewards program. Conclusion The program p rovides a unique experience for customers as the points are redeemable on virtually any product carried either in tore or online.The program also generates sales and profit with a low amount of investment from the company. Customers will have generated roughly three to four times the amount of profit needed to cover the issuance of the points to each customer. Management should have a solid understanding of how effective and beneficial this program is and how the continued success of the program directly translates to the success of each business unit. Reference McConnell, C. R. , Bruce, S. L. , & Flynn, S. M. (2009). Economics. Unknown, NY: McGraw-Hill Company.

Emerging Adulthood Developing Adults Experience Alcohol

Da Yu Engineering 10, Section 2 Oct. 9, 2015 Emerging Adulthood Paper Outline I. Introduction A. Thesis: While college is a great time for emerging adults experience alcohol, the abuse of alcohol can be consequential to the development of a proper and healthy adult. B. Emerging adulthood is a period of development that coincides with college, around years 18-25 (Arnett, 2000). At this stage, young adults fully learn about themselves, their roles, and who they are. C. In this context, we will use binge drinking to describe the abuse of alcohol. Wechsler and Nelson (2001) defines binge drinking as for drinking 5 or more alcoholic drinks at one time in the span of half a month for men and 4 or more drinks for women in that same time frame.†¦show more content†¦B. Study 1: Weitzman, Nelson, and Wechsler (2003) sought to identify some of the factors that may lead to students’ binge drinking during their college years using questionnaires. 1. One good social indicator for binge drinking was the attitudes of their parents towards alcohol. More students that did not partake in binge drinking reported that their parents did not approve of drinking when they were growing up than students who did binge drink. C. Study 2: Borsari and Carey (2001) also studied social factors in college aged binge drinkers, mainly through the use of questionnaires, but also through student recorded logs of their alcohol usage. 1. Borsari and Carey (2001) suggests that one factor towards the increase in drinking during college years is the temporary removal or slight reduction in parental pressure against drinking. As a result, their peers influence them much more. 2. In addition, they also suggest that the environment that college provides creates a much more alcohol friendly space. In order to create new friend groups, students may partake in social gatherings where alcohol is available. These new friend groups may rely only on drinking and partying to stay together and can lead to excessive drinking in student. D. Social factors are not the only factors that may result in college student binge drinking. Some other

Philip Roth «There’s More to Life Than Writing»

Philip Roth, the world-famous fiction writer, remains true to his decision to leave literature. He finished his last book in 2009, and since that time, according to him, he hasn’t written a word.  «I have no desire to write fiction » insists Roth in his last interview. It is hard to believe, that a writer, whose talent helped him win the Man Booker International prize and who contended for the Nobel for ages, could quit writing so simply. But the author claims that his writing period of life has reached its end for good. Why Would He Retire? One of the primary reasons of Roth’s retirement is his intention to live for himself. He believes that his great work at fiction writing has come to an end, so now he can enjoy such pleasant activities as swimming, watching baseball, listening to music, meeting friends and relaxing. Also he is keen on studying American 19th century history, which is tightly bound with the past of his own family: that helps him stay focused and avoid depressive thoughts on writing, aging and death. 80-year-old Roth is completely satisfied with his new lifestyle – his only regret is that only now he discovered how different life can be. American English Writer Roth is often labeled as a Jewish American author, but the writer himself disagrees. He considers that its the language you choose for your works, which defines you as a writer. His writing language is American English, that is why he thinks of himself as of American English writer. Roth says, that even if he wrote his books in Yiddish, he would rather consider himself Yiddish writer than Jewish. By the way, the Jewish community does not quite appreciate his views on himself as of American English writer. Neither is it appealing to the Jews how he showed their national whims and flaws in some of his works. Some reviewers even suggested that he is a self-hating Jew. Nevertheless, Roth could not care less. Say â€Å"No† to Book Clubs What is interesting, Roth has told his interviewer, Stanford scholar Cynthia Haven, that he knows nothing about book clubs and that he doesn’t have any intention to visit book club meetings. He explained this prepossession with belief, based on his teaching experience, that it takes a lot of effort to read thoughtfully, and that book clubs are unlikely to offer effective manner to do it. The books, which visitors read in such literary â€Å"communities†, are hardly ever analyzed and interpreted in a proper manner. It is quite clear, that Philip Roth feels well about dropping out of the writers community. And though it is good for the author himself, it is also sad: some people struggle to write something spectacular to the end of their lives and never succeed, and those, who are creative and skilled enough to write true masterpieces, just bury their talent.

Assessment And Recommendations For U.s. Banking System And...

BA526 Assessment and Recommendations for the U.S. Banking System and Global Economy 7/18/2015 ASSESSMENT OF THE U.S. BANKING SYSTEM AND GLOBAL ECONOMY 2 Table of Contents Part 1: Assessment of Current State of U.S. Banking System and Global Economy ................. 3 Functions and Roles of U.S. Financial Institutions .......................................................................... 3 Impact of Monetary Tools Used by the Federal Reserve ............................................................... 6 How the Banking System Impacts Supply and Demand within Business .................................... 9 Role of Money Markets, Stock Markets, and Over-the-Counter Markets ................................... 11 Part 2: Recommendations for How U.S. Can Improve Banking Regulations ............................ 14 Current Banking Regulations and the History of How They Came to Be ................................... 14 Improving Regulatory Practices ....................................................................................................... 18 The Future of Domestic and International Central Banking ......................................................... 21 References .......................................................................................................................................... 23 ASSESSMENT OF THE U.S. BANKING SYSTEM AND GLOBAL ECONOMY 3 Part 1: Assessment of Current State of U.S. Banking System and Global Economy Functions and RolesShow MoreRelatedBussiness in Pakistan1686 Words   |  7 Pages The Country Risk Tier (CRT) reflects A.M. 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Macro Environment Free Essays

â€Å"Outline the components of any organization’s macro environment and give an example for each component of a current major operational change or industry trend†. Macro Environment: The factors outside of the industry that influence the survival of the company; these factors are not directly controllable by the organisation. (Elliot, Rundle-Thiele, Walker, p. We will write a custom essay sample on Macro Environment or any similar topic only for you Order Now 48) Components of the Marco Environment: There are six (6) major components of which the macro-environment is made up of; 1. Demographic 2. Economic 3. Natural 4. Technological 5. Political 6. CulturalDemographic Forces: variables of a population which include, age, sex, level of education, employment status, income level, home style status (ownership vs. renting amp; location) also ethnicity. Example: An increase in the number of caravans purchased in western countries will increase due to the trend of an aging population; the caravan/motor homes industry should see growth Economic Forces: refers to forces such as level of employment, demographic changes, rate of inflation, rate of interest which in turn affects the amount both people and organisations are willing to Spend along with how they spend it.Example: Middle East War in 1973 – ‘Oil Crisis’ created economic shock waves right through the western world leading to drastically increased oil prices which lead to increase energy costs along with the cost of oil based raw material. This crisis contributed heavily to a world economic recession Natural Forces: consist of concerns relating to the environment, green house effect, rates of energy/petroleum, lack of natural resources, and resource management. Example: The farming industry has been affected by drought. The consequence of drought is a decline in crop production as a result of nadequate and poorly distributed rainfall. Therefore with the decline of crop production, farmers are faced with harvest that is too small to feed their families and fulfil their commitment. During drought periods there is not only a direct shortfall of food production but also relative price movements of grain versus other commodities which may drastically reduce the purchasing power of groups. Technological Forces: advanced technology and capabilities such as computers, internet, medical advancements, and communication devices such as mobile phones.Example: With the internet at the finger tips of a large majority of people worl dwide, via computers, now on mobile handset devices and mobile telephones newspaper sales are affected. People are using the internet to access the daily newspapers. News Limited is researching ways to levy a subscription fee for access to view the New York Times online. Political Forces: refers to parties, pressure groups, personalities and government agencies which have a large influence on the stability of politics and economics in a country via their actions and pronouncements.Example: The Tobacco industry recently has been targeted by government and public interest groups in reference to the tax increase enforced in late April 2010. The Australian Government states ‘it will encourage about 2 to 3 per cent of smokers, or 87 000 people, to stop’. Due to this tax increase retailers’ margins will be compressed therefore the profit in turn will be less. Cultural Forces: relates to commonly held standards; what is acceptable or unacceptable, right or wrong, ethical or unethical -based upon various groups in society. Example Starbucks in Macau noticed that Macau people do not consume as much coffee as western people. Therefore Starbucks needed to focus on Macau taste preferences and incorporate tea based and juice based beverages rather than coffee. Also Starbucks has large outdoor seating arrangements; however Macau people rather sit indoors, in order to accommodate for Macau people standards Starbucks needed to decrease the size of the outdoor seating and focus on creating an indoor seating environment in order to meet the expected standard of its customers in Macau.References Spark, M. , 2008, Marketing Concepts – LBM100 lecture MAR110 (SPI, 2008) notes Elliott, G. , Rundle-Thiele, S. , Waller, D. , 2010, Marketing, John Wiley, Milton. http://www. consumerpsychologist. com/marketing_introduction. html http://www. news. com. au/technology/rupert-murdoch-says-news-corp-will-charge-for-online-news/story-e6frfro0-1225758661415 How to cite Macro Environment, Papers

Consider the thematic and/ or symbolic significance of time in Pearce, P., Toms Midnight Garden Essay Example For Students

Consider the thematic and/ or symbolic significance of time in Pearce, P., Toms Midnight Garden Essay Both texts further contain elements of time slip fantasy. In order to make time slip fantasies believable, both authors begin their novels by placing their protagonists in the present. Usually, the characters are contemporary boys or girls, with whom the reader can identify with and the beginning of the novel is spent in drawing the reader into the characters worlds and problems. Once the authenticity of this final world as been established, the protagonist experiences a time shift into either the past or the future. Egoff, states that It is the time in the real world that stands still; the presence of the time traveller must be accounted for in the other world. Once placed into another time, the setting again becomes crucial to the believability of fantasy, that is why the authors in both The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe and Toms Midnight Garden expend an enormous amount of time and energy to develop place in the other world. In The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe the children enter into the magical world of Narnia, and when Lucy makes the first discovery, this is when the reader first realises that time in Narnia works differently to that of the real world. Lucy is anxious to get back home, as she is worried that her siblings will be looking for her: Ive got to go home at once. The others will be wondering what has happened to me. However, when she returns, she is shocked and horrified when she realises that time has not past by, and seen as though she has been away for hours and hours, she cannot comprehend how the others have not been in search for her. This is due to the fact that time comes to a stand still in the real world, and when they enter Narnia time works in a different way. While time passes by in Narnia, and the children go through several adventures, the time in reality remains stagnant. But why does the author do this? This is due to the fact that time is the only means in which the reader can evoke something different and other because everything else in Narnia, such as living conditions, good and evil take place, just like the normal world. So in order to differentiate fantasy and reality the author must use the thematic and symbolic importance of time. Time in The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe is extremely significant because without it the story would not have been possible, as the children would not have had any time in Narnia, to have experienced any of the adventures. It is the halting of time in the real world which makes the story possible and a success. The children are not confined or constrained by time, this being the excitement and thrill of it all, as this is what intrigues the child reader, as every child longs for freedom of time, especially when out on discoveries and adventures. Furthermore, it is only through the passage of the literal time along with the passage of the narration, that the children learn and in a sense explore the journey from childhood to adulthood. This is definitely seen within the character of Edmund. For the first half of the book, Edmund is as spiteful and mean as it is possible for a young boy to be, but his character through time of the narration and the time slip fantasy, allows him to transform half way through the novel. .u771f6d7cbf203b0756761eb4812e7ce2 , .u771f6d7cbf203b0756761eb4812e7ce2 .postImageUrl , .u771f6d7cbf203b0756761eb4812e7ce2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u771f6d7cbf203b0756761eb4812e7ce2 , .u771f6d7cbf203b0756761eb4812e7ce2:hover , .u771f6d7cbf203b0756761eb4812e7ce2:visited , .u771f6d7cbf203b0756761eb4812e7ce2:active { border:0!important; } .u771f6d7cbf203b0756761eb4812e7ce2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u771f6d7cbf203b0756761eb4812e7ce2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u771f6d7cbf203b0756761eb4812e7ce2:active , .u771f6d7cbf203b0756761eb4812e7ce2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u771f6d7cbf203b0756761eb4812e7ce2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u771f6d7cbf203b0756761eb4812e7ce2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u771f6d7cbf203b0756761eb4812e7ce2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u771f6d7cbf203b0756761eb4812e7ce2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u771f6d7cbf203b0756761eb4812e7ce2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u771f6d7cbf203b0756761eb4812e7ce2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u771f6d7cbf203b0756761eb4812e7ce2 .u771f6d7cbf203b0756761eb4812e7ce2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u771f6d7cbf203b0756761eb4812e7ce2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Arthur Miller And Crucible EssayThe witchs box of Turkish delights initially seduces Edmund, and this magical candy causes insatiable greed for more in the unfortunate eater. However, it is a mixture of greed along with innocence and gullibility that lure Edmund into the hands of the evil witch. Being a child, he is unable to peruse the witchs tactics and ulterior motives. Originally, Edmund is a traitor because of his greed and Turkish delight. Later, it is evident that Edmund is corrupted by desire for power and by the lavish promises of the witch. As time passes by in Narnia, Edmund eventually comes to realise that the witch treats him like a slave rather than a prince. He also expresses empathy and latent kindness when he witnesses the witch petrifying a happy group of small forest animals, and for the first time in the novel he Felt sorry for someone besides himself. Eventually, Edmund fully realises the witchs true intentions and the benevolence of Aslan, a discussion with Aslan seems to cement this change. It is only through the passage of time that Edmund realises his mistakes. As a result, he distinguishes between good and evil, which is symbolic in The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe as Christ and the devil. At the beginning Edmund was afraid of the witch, but in the end he stands up for himself in battle and helps slay the white witch, which earned him the title king He was called King Edmund the Just. Here we see time has matured him, from a timid and naive child, believing everything the witch says to him, he transforms into a man who fights for what he thinks is ultimately right. However, when he returns to the real world, he becomes a child once again, although he still has recollection of the events in Narnia which matured him. A further aspect of the book, which is significance of the symbolic theme of time, is the changing of the seasons. From the harsh, cruel and violent winter, the season then changes to spring. It is the witch that casts an enchanted, eternal winter on Narnia, symbolising a dead, stagnant time. Nothing grows, animals hibernate, and people crouch around fire rather than enjoying the outdoors. Nearly every human being has a visceral negative reaction to winter, even when it is at a normal length. We can imagine how quickly eternal winter would become intolerable. The witchs winter destroys the beauty and the life in Narnia. There is a pristine appeal to woods blanketed in snow and frozen waterfalls, but our overall impression is of a barren, empty land. The season of winter is a perfect and ideal way to represent that Narnia has fallen under an evil regime. Not only is nature frozen, but the witch also freezes the poor Narnians when they annoy her; she freezes them into stone with her gold wand. The fact that she turns living things into stone, suggests that she is freezing time, as time cannot progress due her evil powers. She denounces time, as through time the seasons change, which she detests as she wants to have Narnia under the season of winter eternally. However, when Aslan arrives in Narnia, spring occurs but of course, Christmas occurs before spring can come. Christmas in the novel is definitely a significant symbol of time, because Christ was born at Christmas. It is Christmas time that signals hope for mankind: With the birth of Christ we are given hope of new life. Spring follows Christmas and all of a sudden the woods are completely alive. Flowers are blooming, springs and brooks are chuckling, birds are singing, and delightful smells waft pass on gentle breezes. Therefore, this time change of the seasons is very significant in Narnia, because they are not ordinary seasons. Winter is the time of season which symbolises death; therefore with the occurrence of spring, Narnia is experiencing the epitome of life.